如果你想查询某个表的某一列，Hive默认是会启用MapReduce Job来完成这个任务，如下：
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hive> SELECT id, money FROM m limit 10;Total MapReduce jobs = 1Launching Job 1 out of 1Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operatorCannot run job locally: Input Size (= 235105473) is larger than hive.exec.mode.local.auto.inputbytes.max (= 134217728)Starting Job = job_1384246387966_0229, Tracking URL = http://l-datalogm1.data.cn1:9981/proxy/application_1384246387966_0229/Kill Command = /home/q/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop job -kill job_1384246387966_0229hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 02013-11-13 11:35:16,167 Stage-1 map = 0%, reduce = 0%2013-11-13 11:35:21,327 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 1.26 sec2013-11-13 11:35:22,377 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 1.26 secMapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 1 seconds 260 msecEnded Job = job_1384246387966_0229MapReduce Jobs Launched:Job 0: Map: 1 Cumulative CPU: 1.26 sec HDFS Read: 8388865 HDFS Write: 60 SUCCESSTotal MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 1 seconds 260 msecOK1 1221 1851 2311 2921 3161 3291 3551 3561 3621 364Time taken: 16.802 seconds, Fetched: 10 row(s) |
我们都知道，启用MapReduce Job是会消耗系统开销的。对于这个问题，从Hive0.10.0版本开始，对于简单的不需要聚合的类似SELECT <col> from <table> LIMIT n语句，不需要起MapReduce job，直接通过Fetch task获取数据，可以通过下面几种方法实现：
方法一：
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hive> set hive.fetch.task.conversion=more;hive> SELECT id, money FROM m limit 10;OK1 1221 1851 2311 2921 3161 3291 3551 3561 3621 364Time taken: 0.138 seconds, Fetched: 10 row(s) |
上面 set hive.fetch.task.conversion=more;开启了Fetch任务，所以对于上述简单的列查询不在启用MapReduce job！
方法二：
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bin/hive --hiveconf hive.fetch.task.conversion=more |
方法三：
上面的两种方法都可以开启了Fetch任务，但是都是临时起作用的；如果你想一直启用这个功能，可以在${HIVE_HOME}/conf/hive-site.xml里面加入以下配置：
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<property> <name>hive.fetch.task.conversion</name> <value>more</value> <description> Some select queries can be converted to single FETCH task minimizing latency.Currently the query should be single sourced not having any subquery and should not have any aggregations or distincts (which incurrs RS), lateral views and joins. 1. minimal : SELECT STAR, FILTER on partition columns, LIMIT only 2. more : SELECT, FILTER, LIMIT only (+TABLESAMPLE, virtual columns) </description></property> |
这样就可以长期启用Fetch任务了，很不错吧，也赶紧去试试吧！
hive.fetch.task.conversion
- Default Value:
minimalin Hive 0.10.0 through 0.13.1,morein Hive 0.14.0 and later - Added In: Hive 0.10.0 with HIVE-2925; default changed in Hive 0.14.0 with HIVE-7397
Some select queries can be converted to a single FETCH task, minimizing latency. Currently the query should be single sourced not having any subquery and should not have any aggregations or distincts (which incur RS – ReduceSinkOperator, requiring a MapReduce task), lateral views and joins.
Supported values are none, minimal and more.
0. none: Disable hive.fetch.task.conversion (value added in Hive 0.14.0 with HIVE-8389)
1. minimal: SELECT *, FILTER on partition columns (WHERE and HAVING clauses), LIMIT only
2. more: SELECT, FILTER, LIMIT only (including TABLESAMPLE, virtual columns)
“more” can take any kind of expressions in the SELECT clause, including UDFs.
(UDTFs and lateral views are not yet supported – see HIVE-5718.)
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